Rev 3 continues the instructions to the other three churches in Asia Minor: Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea. John follows the same pattern as in chapter 2, with a description of Jesus at the beginning of each section: "him who holds the seven spirits of God and seven stars", "him who is holy and true, who holds the key of David", and "the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the ruler of God's creation". Next, he states what God has "against" each church. To Sardis, "you have a reputation of being alive, but you are dead". To Philadelphia, "you have little strength". To Laodicea, "you are neither cold nor hot". Then, the Lord gives direction: Sardis is told "remember what you have received and heard, obey it, and repent", Philadelphia is told "hold on to what you have, so that no one will take your crown", Laodicea is told "buy from me gold refined in the fire, so you can become rich; and white clothes to wear, so you can cover your shameful nakedness; and salve to put on your eyes, so you can see. Be earnest, and repent". Next, those who overcome are described: to Sardis, " who overcomes will, like them, be dressed in white. I will never blot out his name from the book of life", to Phladelphia, "who overcomes I will make a pillar in the temple of my God. Never again will he leave it. I will write on him the name of my God.. and I will also write on him my new name", to Laodicea, " who overcomes, I will give the right to sit with me on my throne, just as I overcame and sat down with my Father on His throne". Lastly, John concludes the address to each church with " he who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches".